Conducting biomedical research on animals has been a common practice for centuries, dating back to early 384 BC with famous physician-scientists, Aristotle and Erasistratus executing their own research on animals to develop further in the knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and even pharmacology. At the time of these studies, information on these subjects were trivial and testing on animals is what helped advance the knowledge we have on animals today.
The testing on animals has been able to save millions of lives, with the extensive research on cows creating the first ever vaccination that helped end smallpox in 1976, then even eliminating polio as an epidemic. Polio was a devastating disease that wrecked the lives of many during the late 1940’s, reaching its peak in the United States in 1952 with well over 21,000 cases of the infection. It was in the 1960’s when a vaccine was formulated and has been eradicated from most of the world today. Similar diseases, typhus, diphtheria, whooping cough, smallpox, and tetanus too have vaccines that are routinely given to children to serve as permanent shield against these infectious diseases.
The understanding we have on mental health has made astonishing development because of animal testing and is helping well the over 7 million people that are living with schizophrenia and bi-polar disorder by prescribing them anti-psychotic medications to help them live normal lives without their mental illness decreasing their quality of life. Abilify, one of the most prescribed drugs in America, was tested on rats, dogs, monkeys, and rabbits to ensure their effectiveness for managing often traumatic symptoms of schizophrenia and bi-polar disorder.
Animal testing is not exclusively for the gain of humans and contributes to the health and hygiene of ordinary pets, with almost two million cases of cancer being diagnosed each year, dogs have played a crucial part of developing cancer treatments for not only humans but the millions of dogs that get diagnosed with cancer each year in the USA. Dogs and Humans are quite similar, with various types of tumors in canines being nearly identical to those in humans. Scientists were able to confirm that some of the genes involved in human cancer are present in that of canines diagnosed as well with the genome mapping of Tasha The Boxer performed by the NHGRI Dog Genome Project team. Sadly, over half of dogs over the age of ten will develop cancer, new medications are currently being tested for those whom surgery isn’t an option. KInavet, an oral antibiotic, has a promising future in treating millions of dogs diagnosed with cancer. The reduces mass cell tumors, and once Klavnet has become a reputable treatment scientist could begin formulating a similar treatment for humans.
Furthermore, the Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and its corresponding illness feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection is now capable of being prevented with vaccine. In 1978, a worldwide epidemic of dogs experienced the same symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration and even death. This disease, that researchers soon discovered after the outbreak is called canine parvovirus and was petrifyingly deadly to all ages of dogs. This disease was similar to the feline panleukopenia virus, as this virus had a reliable vaccine, scientists were readily able to formulate a vaccine for canine parvovirus. This breakthrough is what halted the rapid spread of the disease in adult canines. These vaccines that help prevent our pets from catching these deadly illnesses are because of the tests conducted on animals.
Animal testing has continuously been questioned for its morality, and if using animals for human gain is ethically right or wrong. The debate has gone on for decades, with those in favor of the testing of animals argued that the information of the human body and the progress we have made a result of these experiments on animals, and without them we wouldn’t be anywhere near as advanced medically as we are now. While those against believe that the pain and abuse some of these animals sustain during these experiments are unjustifiable. The rise of animal protection and rights organizations, more information is available to the public which can often be misleading by leaving out crucial facts or statistics in their arguments.
There are millions of animals currently involved in experiments, but only 4% of these animals are covered by the animal welfare laws, leaving more than 20 million animals that could be abused and or neglected for research. One of the biggest arguments against animal testing is how the animals are treated during these experiments, where most animals die during or after these trials. Several of the tests performed on these animals are cruel and disturbing. Kittens will be purposely blinded, primates have rods implanted into their skulls and are often force fed or exposed to lethal chemicals. These experiments often come back with little to no results. While animals and humans are alike in many ways, our differences are vast. The FDA has an estimate that 92% of drugs that pass any pre-clinical tests, which includes animal experimentation, fail to even touch the market.